Part One showed that Zambia’s electricity recovery has been highly uneven: mining accounted for more than the entire net increase in recorded electricity consumption between 2024 and 2025, while domestic, manufacturing and agricultural consumption remained weaker. The next question is therefore not simply whether electricity supply is recovering, but whether the new market architecture will spread reliability more widely across the economy. That distributional question is becoming as important as the headline recovery itself. Open Access is necessary, but not sufficient Zambia needs private capital. The National Energy Compact estimates that US$11.9 billion will be required for the country’s energy transition, with US$9.5 billion expected from the private sector. Open Access is central to that strategy because it allows...